add option to build the arm64 architecture image

.gitignore

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 .vagrant/
+tmp/
 secrets*
 *.iso

README.md

@@ -12,6 +12,10 @@ Run `vagrant up efi` to boot the generated ISO in [EFI](https://en.wikipedia.org
 
 To build a netboot image, set the `LB_BUILD_TYPE` environment variable to `netboot` before launching vagrant, e.g. `LB_BUILD_TYPE=netboot vagrant up builder`. This will build the netboot image and copy it to the current directory as `live-image-amd64.netboot.tar`.
 
+To build the arm64 architecture image, set the `LB_BUILD_ARCH` environment variable to `arm64` before launching vagrant, e.g. `LB_BUILD_ARCH=arm64 vagrant up builder`. To execute this image in an emulated virtual machine see the [qemu arm64 emulation](#qemu-arm64-emulation) section.
+
+**NB** Building the arm64 image takes longer than the native amd64. In my machine it takes about 40m (vs 10m for amd64).
+
 
 # Burning the ISO file to a USB pen/disk drive
 
@@ -32,6 +36,63 @@ eject /dev/sdd
 ```
 
 
+# qemu arm64 emulation
+
+The arm64 architecture image can be executed in an emulated virtual machine as:
+
+```bash
+# NB in my humble machine (i3-3245) emulating arm64 is very slow and it takes
+#    several minutes until you can login.
+# NB in the qemu window use the "View" menu to switch between the
+#    virtio-gpu-pci and serial0 console.
+mkdir tmp
+cd tmp
+sudo apt-get install -y qemu-efi-aarch64 cloud-image-utils
+cat >cloud-init-user-data.yml <<EOF
+#cloud-config
+hostname: arm64
+timezone: Europe/Lisbon
+ssh_pwauth: true
+# NB the runcmd output is written to journald and /var/log/cloud-init-output.log.
+runcmd:
+  - echo '************** DONE RUNNING CLOUD-INIT **************'
+EOF
+cloud-localds cloud-init-data.iso cloud-init-user-data.yml
+cp /usr/share/AAVMF/AAVMF_CODE.fd firmware-code-arm64.fd
+cp /usr/share/AAVMF/AAVMF_VARS.fd firmware-vars-arm64.fd
+qemu-img create -f qcow2 hd0.img 20G
+qemu-img info hd0.img
+qemu-system-aarch64 \
+  -name arm64 \
+  -machine virt \
+  --accel tcg,thread=multi \
+  -cpu cortex-a57 \
+  -smp cores=4 \
+  -m 2g \
+  -k pt \
+  -device virtio-gpu-pci \
+  -device nec-usb-xhci,id=usb0 \
+  -device usb-kbd,bus=usb0.0 \
+  -device usb-tablet,bus=usb0.0 \
+  -device virtio-scsi-pci,id=scsi0 \
+  -drive if=pflash,file=firmware-code-arm64.fd,format=raw,readonly \
+  -drive if=pflash,file=firmware-vars-arm64.fd,format=raw \
+  -drive if=none,file=hd0.img,discard=unmap,cache=unsafe,id=hd0 \
+  -drive if=none,file=$PWD/../live-image-arm64.hybrid.iso,media=cdrom,cache=unsafe,readonly,id=cd0 \
+  -drive if=none,file=cloud-init-data.iso,media=cdrom,cache=unsafe,readonly,id=cd1 \
+  -device scsi-hd,drive=hd0,bus=scsi0.0,bootindex=1 \
+  -device scsi-cd,drive=cd0,bus=scsi0.0,bootindex=2 \
+  -device scsi-cd,drive=cd1,bus=scsi0.0 \
+  -netdev user,id=net0,hostfwd=tcp::2222-:22 \
+  -device virtio-net-pci,netdev=net0 \
+  -device virtio-rng-pci,rng=rng0 \
+  -object rng-random,filename=/dev/urandom,id=rng0 \
+  -qmp unix:arm64.socket,server,nowait
+echo info qtree | qmp-shell -H arm64.socket
+ssh vagrant@localhost -p 2222
+```
+
+
 # Reference
 
 * [Live Systems Manual](https://live-team.pages.debian.net/live-manual/html/live-manual/index.en.html)
@@ -40,3 +101,4 @@ eject /dev/sdd
 * [lb_config(1)](https://manpages.debian.org/bullseye/live-build/lb_config.1.en.html)
 * [Debian Live Team Repositories](https://salsa.debian.org/live-team)
 * [Debian Live Wiki](http://wiki.debian.org/DebianLive): Information about the Debian Live team and its contacts.
+* [run emulated arm under qemu](https://gist.github.com/rgl/b02c24f9eb1b4bdb4ac6f970d4bfc885)

Vagrantfile

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ ENV['VAGRANT_NO_PARALLEL'] = 'yes'
 Vagrant.configure('2') do |config|
   config.vm.provider :libvirt do |lv, config|
     lv.memory = 2048
-    lv.cpus = 2
+    lv.cpus = 4
     lv.cpu_mode = 'host-passthrough'
     # lv.nested = true # nested virtualization.
     lv.keymap = 'pt'
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ Vagrant.configure('2') do |config|
   config.vm.provider :hyperv do |hv, config|
     hv.linked_clone = true
     hv.memory = 2048
-    hv.cpus = 2
+    hv.cpus = 4
     # hv.enable_virtualization_extensions = true # nested virtualization.
     hv.vlan_id = ENV['HYPERV_VLAN_ID']
     # see https://github.com/hashicorp/vagrant/issues/7915
@@ -36,7 +36,10 @@ Vagrant.configure('2') do |config|
   config.vm.define :builder do |config|
     config.vm.box = 'debian-11-amd64'
     config.vm.hostname = 'builder'
-    config.vm.provision :shell, path: 'builder.sh', env: {'LB_BUILD_TYPE' => ENV['LB_BUILD_TYPE'] || 'iso'}
+    config.vm.provision :shell, path: 'builder.sh', env: {
+      'LB_BUILD_TYPE' => ENV['LB_BUILD_TYPE'] || 'iso',
+      'LB_BUILD_ARCH' => ENV['LB_BUILD_ARCH'] || 'amd64',
+    }
   end
 
   ['bios', 'efi'].each do |firmware|

builder.sh

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #!/bin/bash
-set -eux
+set -euxo pipefail
 
 
 # the build artifact type can be one of:
@@ -7,6 +7,11 @@ set -eux
 #   netboot
 LB_BUILD_TYPE="${LB_BUILD_TYPE:=iso}"
 
+# the build architecture can be one of:
+#   amd64 (default)
+#   arm64
+LB_BUILD_ARCH="${LB_BUILD_ARCH:=amd64}"
+
 
 echo 'Defaults env_keep += "DEBIAN_FRONTEND"' >/etc/sudoers.d/env_keep_apt
 chmod 440 /etc/sudoers.d/env_keep_apt
@@ -75,6 +80,7 @@ EOF
 # install dependencies.
 
 apt-get install -y libcdio-utils librsvg2-bin pngquant
+apt-get install -y qemu-user-static
 
 
 #
@@ -106,7 +112,7 @@ fi
 #
 # build a custom live image.
 
-mkdir custom-image && pushd custom-image
+mkdir custom-image-$LB_BUILD_ARCH && pushd custom-image-$LB_BUILD_ARCH
 
 # configure it.
 # see https://live-team.pages.debian.net/live-manual/html/live-manual/index.en.html
@@ -129,6 +135,13 @@ lb_config='\
     --bootloader syslinux \
     '
 fi
+if [ "$LB_BUILD_ARCH" == 'arm64' ]; then
+lb_config="$lb_config \\
+    --bootloader grub-efi \\
+    --bootstrap-qemu-arch arm64 \\
+    --bootstrap-qemu-static /usr/bin/qemu-arm-static \\
+    "
+fi
 cat >auto/config <<EOF
 #!/bin/sh
 set -eux
@@ -136,7 +149,7 @@ lb config noauto \\
     $lb_config \\
     --mode debian \\
     --distribution bullseye \\
-    --architectures amd64 \\
+    --architectures $LB_BUILD_ARCH \\
     --bootappend-live 'boot=live components username=vagrant' \\
     --mirror-bootstrap http://ftp.pt.debian.org/debian/ \\
     --mirror-binary http://ftp.pt.debian.org/debian/ \\
@@ -308,6 +321,7 @@ echo nls_ascii >>etc/initramfs-tools/modules # for booting from FAT32.
 EOF
 
 if [ "$LB_BUILD_TYPE" == 'iso' ]; then
+if [ "$LB_BUILD_ARCH" == 'amd64' ]; then
 cat >config/hooks/normal/9990-bootloader-splash.hook.binary <<'EOF'
 #!/bin/sh
 set -eux
@@ -334,6 +348,7 @@ menu clear
 EOM
 EOF
 fi
+fi
 
 chmod +x config/hooks/normal/*.hook.*
 
@@ -342,15 +357,15 @@ lb build
 
 if [ "$LB_BUILD_TYPE" == 'iso' ]; then
 # show some information about the generated iso file.
-fdisk -l live-image-amd64.hybrid.iso
-iso-info live-image-amd64.hybrid.iso --no-header
-#iso-info live-image-amd64.hybrid.iso --no-header -f | sed '0,/ISO-9660 Information/d' | sort -k 2
+fdisk -l live-image-$LB_BUILD_ARCH.hybrid.iso
+iso-info live-image-$LB_BUILD_ARCH.hybrid.iso --no-header
+#iso-info live-image-$LB_BUILD_ARCH..hybrid.iso --no-header -f | sed '0,/ISO-9660 Information/d' | sort -k 2
 
 # copy it on the host fs (it will be used by the target VM).
-cp -f live-image-amd64.hybrid.iso /vagrant
+cp -f live-image-$LB_BUILD_ARCH.hybrid.iso /vagrant
 else
-tar tf live-image-amd64.netboot.tar
-cp live-image-amd64.netboot.tar /vagrant
+tar tf live-image-$LB_BUILD_ARCH.netboot.tar
+cp live-image-$LB_BUILD_ARCH.netboot.tar /vagrant
 fi
 
 # clean it.